The arithmetic mean is the sum of observed values divided by the number of observations. It is efficient for symmetric data but sensitive to extreme values.
Read the full entry →Research Wiki · Methods Lab
Descriptive statistics
Techniques that summarise the centre, spread, shape and distribution of observed data without making causal claims.
Methods family
Techniques that summarise the centre, spread, shape and distribution of observed data without making causal claims.
Use methods only after defining the estimand, data structure, assumptions, validation plan and decision consequence.
The median is the middle ordered value, with half the observations above and half below. It is robust to extreme values and useful for skewed distributions.
Read the full entry →The mode is the most frequently occurring value or category. A distribution may have one mode, several modes or no uniquely dominant mode.
Read the full entry →Weighted mean is a statistical or analytical concept within descriptive statistics. It should be selected for the data-generating process and decision question rather than because software makes it available.
Read the full entry →Geometric mean is a statistical or analytical concept within descriptive statistics. It should be selected for the data-generating process and decision question rather than because software makes it available.
Read the full entry →Harmonic mean is a statistical or analytical concept within descriptive statistics. It should be selected for the data-generating process and decision question rather than because software makes it available.
Read the full entry →Gabor–Granger pricing presents respondents with a sequence of prices and asks purchase likelihood at each level. It can estimate a stated demand curve for a defined offer, but results depend heavily on realism, framing and the gap between stated and actual behaviour.
Read the full entry →Variance is the average squared deviation from the mean under a specified sample or population formula. It measures spread in squared units and underpins many statistical models.
Read the full entry →Standard deviation is the square root of variance and describes typical dispersion around the mean in the original measurement units.
The coefficient of variation is the standard deviation divided by the mean, usually expressed as a percentage. It compares relative variability when the mean is positive and the ratio is meaningful.
Percentiles is a statistical or analytical concept within descriptive statistics. It should be selected for the data-generating process and decision question rather than because software makes it available.
Quartiles is a statistical or analytical concept within descriptive statistics. It should be selected for the data-generating process and decision question rather than because software makes it available.
Interquartile range is a statistical or analytical concept within descriptive statistics. It should be selected for the data-generating process and decision question rather than because software makes it available.
Skewness is a statistical or analytical concept within descriptive statistics. It should be selected for the data-generating process and decision question rather than because software makes it available.
Kurtosis is a statistical or analytical concept within descriptive statistics. It should be selected for the data-generating process and decision question rather than because software makes it available.
Frequency distribution is a statistical or analytical concept within descriptive statistics. It should be selected for the data-generating process and decision question rather than because software makes it available.
Cross-tabulation is a statistical or analytical concept within descriptive statistics. It should be selected for the data-generating process and decision question rather than because software makes it available.
Index numbers is a statistical or analytical concept within descriptive statistics. It should be selected for the data-generating process and decision question rather than because software makes it available.
Standard scores is a statistical or analytical concept within descriptive statistics. It should be selected for the data-generating process and decision question rather than because software makes it available.
Normalisation is a statistical or analytical concept within descriptive statistics. It should be selected for the data-generating process and decision question rather than because software makes it available.
Min-max scaling is a statistical or analytical concept within descriptive statistics. It should be selected for the data-generating process and decision question rather than because software makes it available.
Robust scaling is a statistical or analytical concept within descriptive statistics. It should be selected for the data-generating process and decision question rather than because software makes it available.
Browse linked method entries
Mean
The arithmetic mean is the sum of observed values divided by the number of observations. It is efficient for symmetric data but sensitive to extreme values.
Open methodMedian
The median is the middle ordered value, with half the observations above and half below. It is robust to extreme values and useful for skewed distributions.
Open methodMode
The mode is the most frequently occurring value or category. A distribution may have one mode, several modes or no uniquely dominant mode.
Open methodWeighted mean
Weighted mean is a statistical or analytical concept within descriptive statistics. It should be selected for the data-generating process and decision question rather than because software makes it available.
Open methodGeometric mean
Geometric mean is a statistical or analytical concept within descriptive statistics. It should be selected for the data-generating process and decision question rather than because software makes it available.
Open methodHarmonic mean
Harmonic mean is a statistical or analytical concept within descriptive statistics. It should be selected for the data-generating process and decision question rather than because software makes it available.
Open methodRange
Gabor–Granger pricing presents respondents with a sequence of prices and asks purchase likelihood at each level. It can estimate a stated demand curve for a defined offer, but results depend heavily on realism, framing and the gap between stated and actual behaviour.
Open methodVariance
Variance is the average squared deviation from the mean under a specified sample or population formula. It measures spread in squared units and underpins many statistical models.
Open methodStandard deviation
Standard deviation is the square root of variance and describes typical dispersion around the mean in the original measurement units.
Open methodCoefficient of variation
The coefficient of variation is the standard deviation divided by the mean, usually expressed as a percentage. It compares relative variability when the mean is positive and the ratio is meaningful.
Open methodPercentiles
Percentiles is a statistical or analytical concept within descriptive statistics. It should be selected for the data-generating process and decision question rather than because software makes it available.
Open methodQuartiles
Quartiles is a statistical or analytical concept within descriptive statistics. It should be selected for the data-generating process and decision question rather than because software makes it available.
Open methodInterquartile range
Interquartile range is a statistical or analytical concept within descriptive statistics. It should be selected for the data-generating process and decision question rather than because software makes it available.
Open methodSkewness
Skewness is a statistical or analytical concept within descriptive statistics. It should be selected for the data-generating process and decision question rather than because software makes it available.
Open methodKurtosis
Kurtosis is a statistical or analytical concept within descriptive statistics. It should be selected for the data-generating process and decision question rather than because software makes it available.
Open methodFrequency distribution
Frequency distribution is a statistical or analytical concept within descriptive statistics. It should be selected for the data-generating process and decision question rather than because software makes it available.
Open methodCross-tabulation
Cross-tabulation is a statistical or analytical concept within descriptive statistics. It should be selected for the data-generating process and decision question rather than because software makes it available.
Open methodIndex numbers
Index numbers is a statistical or analytical concept within descriptive statistics. It should be selected for the data-generating process and decision question rather than because software makes it available.
Open methodStandard scores
Standard scores is a statistical or analytical concept within descriptive statistics. It should be selected for the data-generating process and decision question rather than because software makes it available.
Open methodNormalisation
Normalisation is a statistical or analytical concept within descriptive statistics. It should be selected for the data-generating process and decision question rather than because software makes it available.
Open methodMin-max scaling
Min-max scaling is a statistical or analytical concept within descriptive statistics. It should be selected for the data-generating process and decision question rather than because software makes it available.
Open methodRobust scaling
Robust scaling is a statistical or analytical concept within descriptive statistics. It should be selected for the data-generating process and decision question rather than because software makes it available.
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